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Education Center
Selected Individual Tests
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Selections from Various Testing Categories
PERMEABILITY
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) CRD C 48-73 "Permeability of Concrete"
Pacific Testing Labs, Seattle, USA
Two inch thick, 2000 psi Xypex-treated concrete samples were pressure tested up to 405
ft. water head (175 psi), the limit of the testing apparatus. While untreated samples
showed marked leakage, the Xypex-treated samples (as a result of the crystallization
process) became totally sealed and exhibited no measurable leakage.
DIN 1048 "Water Impermeability of Concrete" Bautest - Corporation for
Research & Testing of Building Materials, Augsburg, Germany.
Twenty cm thick Xypex-treated concrete samples were pressure tested up to 7 bars (230
ft. water head) for 24 hours to determine water impermeability. While the reference
specimens measured water penetration up to a depth of 92 mm, Xypex-treated samples
measured water penetration of zero to an average of 4 mm.
ÖNORN B 3303 "Water Permeability of Concrete" Technologishes
Gerwerbemuseum, Federal Higher Technical Education & Research Institute, Vienna,
Austria.
Xypex-treated concrete samples were pressure tested to a maximum 7 bars (230 fi water
head) for 10 days. Test revealed that while 25 ml of water had penetrated the untreated
concrete samples, zero ml had penetrated the Xypex-treated samples. Test specimens were
then broken and showed water penetration to a depth of 15 mm on untreated samples but no
measurable water penetration on the Xypex-treated samples.
CSN 1209/1321 "Impermeability and Resistance to Pressurized Water"
Institute of Civil Engineering, Technology and Testing, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Xypex-treated and untreated concrete samples were exposed to 1.2 Mpa (175 ft of water
head) of pressure to determine water permeability. Results showed the Xypex-treated
samples provided effective protection against hydrostatic water pressure. Treated and
untreated samples were also subjected to contact with silage juices and various petroleum
products (e.g. diesel oil, transformer oil, gasoline) at 14 kpa for 28 days. The
Xypex-treated samples significantly reduced the penetration of these solutions.
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
IWATE University Technical Report "Resistance to Acid Attack" Japan
Xypex-treated mortar and untreated mortar were measured for acid resistance after
exposure to a 5% H2SO4 solution for 100 days. A measurement of the corrosion ratio for the
Xypex-treated sample was 0.117, while the untreated sample measured 0.210. Xypex
suppressed concrete erosion to 1/8 of the reference samples.
ASTM C 267 - 77 "Compressive Resistance to Mortars" Pacific Testing
Labs, Seattle, USA
Xypex-treated cylinders and untreated cylinders were exposed to hydrochloric acid,
caustic soda, toluene, mineral oil, ethylene glycol, pool chlorine, brake fluid and other
chemicals. Results indicated that chemical exposure did not have any detrimental effects
on the Xypex treatment. Tests following chemical exposure measured an average 17% higher
compressive strength in the Xypex-treated specimens over the untreated samples.
ASTM 672 "Standard Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces
Exposed to De-icing Chemicals." Twin City Testing Lab, St. Paul, USA
Xypex-treated samples restricted chloride ion concentration to below the level
necessary to promote electrolytic corrosion of reinforcing steel. Visual examination of
untreated panels after 50 freeze/thaw cycles showed a marked increase in surface
deterioration compared to Xypex-treated samples.
JIS "Chemical Durability Test" Japanese Utility Company, in-house
Test Report, Tokyo, Japan.
Concrete samples containing Xypex Admix were tested against five samples containing
other admixtures and against a control sample, to determine resistance to corrosion and
deterioration caused by contact with aggressive chemicals. All samples were soaked in a 5%
sulfuric acid solution at 20C for six months. Various evaluations and measurements were
assessed every month during the test period, including: Photographic comparisons, relative
dynamic modulus elasticity, percentage change in length, weight and flexural rigidity.
Although the Xypex Admix sample was subjected to acid conditions well outside its
published range, the results confirmed Xypex with the best performance among the seven
samples tested.
"Sulfuric Acid Resistance Test" Aviles Engineering Corporation,
Texas, USA
Concrete samples containing Xypex Admix at different dosage rates (3%, 5% and 7%) were
tested against untreated control samples for Sulfuric acid resistance. After immersion in
the Sulfuric acid, each sample was tested for weight loss on a daily basis until a weight
loss of 50% or a definite response trend was obtained. The percentage weight loss of the
samples containing Xypex Admix tested significantly lower than the control samples.
"Sulphate Resistance Test" Taywood Engineering Ltd. Perth, Australia.
Xypex Admix-treated concrete samples were immersed in an ammonium-sulphate solution and
tested for "resistance in a harsh environment". The performance of the
Xypex-Crystalline-Technology was compared with five other concretes, including one
containing a sulphate-resistant cement. Each of the test samples was cured for seven days
and then placed in an ammonium-sulphate solution (132 g/l) for 180 days. The rate of
corrosion was determined by measuring weight loss, and length change was noted on a weekly
basis. The Xypex-Crystalline-Technology substantially improved concrete performance as
compared to the reference concrete and tested very similar to the sulphate-resistant
concrete. The Xypex Admix-treated samples also provided the highest level of protection as
measured by change in length.
FREEZE/THAW DURABILITY
ASTM C 666 "Freeze/Thaw Durability" Independent Lab, Ohio, USA
After 300 freeze/thaw cycles, the Xypex Admix-treated samples indicated 94% durability.
ASTM C 672 "Standard Test Method for Scaling Resistance of Concrete
Surfaces Exposed to De-icing Chemicals" Twin City Testing Lab, St. Paul, USA
Xypex-treated samples restricted chloride ion concentration to below the level
necessary to promote electrolytic corrosion of reinforcing steel. Visual examination of
untreated panels after 50 freeze/thaw cycles showed a marked increase in surface
deterioration compared to Xypex-treated samples.
JIS A 6204 "Concrete Freeze/Thaw" Japan Building Material Test
Center.
The resonating frequency of both untreated and Xypex-treated concrete samples were
measured throughout 435 freeze/thaw cycles. At 204 cycles, the Xypex-treated samples
showed 96% relative durability compared to 90% in the untreated samples. At 435 cycles,
the Xypex-treated samples measured 91% relative durability compared to 78% in the
untreated samples.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
ASTM C 39 "Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens"
HBT Agra, Vancouver, Canada.
Concrete samples containing Xypex Admix at various dosage rates (1%, 2% and 5%) were
tested against an untreated concrete control sample. Compressive strength test results
after 28 days indicated a significant strength increase in the samples incorporating Xypex
Admix. The compressive strength increase varied between 5% and 20% (depending on the Xypex
Admix dosage rate) over that of the reference sample.
ASTM C 39 "Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens"
Kleinfelder Labs, San Francisco, California, USA
After 28 days, the compressive strength test of the concrete containing Xypex Admix
measured 7160 psi as compared to the reference sample at 6460 psi (a 10% increase.)
RADIATION RESISTANCE
USA Standard No. N69 "Protective Coating for the Nuclear Industry"
Pacific Testing Labs, Seattle, USA
After exposure to 5.76 x 10-4 rads of gamma radiation, the Xypex treatment revealed no
ill effects or damages.
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